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Torsion Calculator

Calculate torsion step by step

The calculator will find the torsion of the given vector-valued function at the given point, with steps shown.

Related calculator: Curvature Calculator

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Your Input

Find the torsion of $$$\mathbf{\vec{r}\left(t\right)} = \left\langle t^{2}, t^{3}, t\right\rangle$$$.

Solution

Find the derivative of $$$\mathbf{\vec{r}\left(t\right)}$$$: $$$\mathbf{\vec{r}^{\prime}\left(t\right)} = \left\langle 2 t, 3 t^{2}, 1\right\rangle$$$ (for steps, see derivative calculator).

Find the derivative of $$$\mathbf{\vec{r}^{\prime}\left(t\right)}$$$: $$$\mathbf{\vec{r}^{\prime\prime}\left(t\right)} = \left\langle 2, 6 t, 0\right\rangle$$$ (for steps, see derivative calculator).

Find the cross product: $$$\mathbf{\vec{r}^{\prime}\left(t\right)}\times \mathbf{\vec{r}^{\prime\prime}\left(t\right)} = \left\langle - 6 t, 2, 6 t^{2}\right\rangle$$$ (for steps, see cross product calculator).

Find the magnitude of $$$\mathbf{\vec{r}^{\prime}\left(t\right)}\times \mathbf{\vec{r}^{\prime\prime}\left(t\right)}$$$: $$$\mathbf{\left\lvert \mathbf{\vec{r}^{\prime}\left(t\right)}\times \mathbf{\vec{r}^{\prime\prime}\left(t\right)}\right\rvert} = 2 \sqrt{9 t^{4} + 9 t^{2} + 1}$$$ (for steps, see magnitude calculator).

Find the derivative of $$$\mathbf{\vec{r}^{\prime\prime}\left(t\right)}$$$: $$$\mathbf{\vec{r}^{\prime\prime\prime}\left(t\right)} = \left\langle 0, 6, 0\right\rangle$$$ (for steps, see derivative calculator).

Find the dot product: $$$\left(\mathbf{\vec{r}^{\prime}\left(t\right)}\times \mathbf{\vec{r}^{\prime\prime}\left(t\right)}\right)\cdot \mathbf{\vec{r}^{\prime\prime\prime}\left(t\right)} = 12$$$ (for steps, see dot product calculator).

Finally, the torsion is $$$\tau\left(t\right) = \frac{\left(\mathbf{\vec{r}^{\prime}\left(t\right)}\times \mathbf{\vec{r}^{\prime\prime}\left(t\right)}\right)\cdot \mathbf{\vec{r}^{\prime\prime\prime}\left(t\right)}}{\mathbf{\left\lvert \mathbf{\vec{r}^{\prime}\left(t\right)}\times \mathbf{\vec{r}^{\prime\prime}\left(t\right)}\right\rvert}^{2}} = \frac{3}{9 t^{4} + 9 t^{2} + 1}.$$$

Answer

The torsion is $$$\tau\left(t\right) = \frac{3}{9 t^{4} + 9 t^{2} + 1}$$$A.